The Wireless Sensor Networks Protocols And Present A...

Abstract: We analyze the wireless sensor networks protocols and present a classification and comparison of routing protocols. Several routing protocols have been projected to maximize the sensor networks life span. Nevertheless, most of these solutions attempt to determine an energy efficient path and don’t account for energy consumption balancing in sensor network. This frequently leads to network partitioning. The aim of this paper is to evaluate, analyze and compare three routing protocols (LEACH, CBR and MBC) that balance energy consumption, through a mathematical model and simulations. This paper will present a performance comparison of protocols LEACH, CBR and MBC based on parameters such as packet loss, average energy consumption, average control overhead, and better adaptivity to a mobile environment by using the NS-2 simulator. Keywords: LEACH, CBR, MBC, WSN PROTOCOLS. Introduction: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): A wireless sensor network (WSN) (at times called a wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN)) are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. Components of WSN: †¢ Sensor: It is a transducer that converts physical phenomenon e.g. heat, light, motion, vibration, and sound into electrical signals. †¢ Sensor node: It is the basic unit in sensor network that contains on-board sensors,Show MoreRelatedWireless Sensor Networks And The Growth Of Mobile Computing Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract - A wireless sensor network (WSNs) is composed of sensor nodes having a set of processor and limited memory unit embedded in it. The most important task for such network is to provide reliable routing of packets from the sensor nodes to its base station. In Wireless Sensor Networks, routing is much more complex than other wireless networks. In WSN routing strategy should be the energy efficient. This survey paper gives an overview of the different routing protocols used inRead MoreDetection Of Node Replication Attack3434 Words   |  14 PagesNode Replication attack in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review Ms. L S Sindhuja1, Dr. G Padmavathi2 1Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women University, Coimbatore, India 2Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women University, Coimbatore, India sindhujakarthick2011@gmail.com Abstract Wireless Sensor Network Security is one of the top designRead MorePopulation Growth Is Facing Three Major Chal- Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresented by the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program. S. Movassaghi and M. Abolhasan are with the Centre of Real Time Information Networks (CRIN), School of Communication and Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia, (e- mail: Seyedehsamaneh.Movassaghigilani@student.uts.edu.au Read MoreWireless Sensor Network2241 Words   |  9 Pages1.1 Wireless sensor network (WSN) A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensing device, computation element, and communication elements that gives user the ability to measure, observe and react to particular events and phenomena in that problem field. A sensing device provides data from sensing physical characteristics such as temperature, pressure and sound etc and then transmits that data to the base station via radio either on time basis or demand basis. A wireless sensor network may containsRead MoreNeural Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems1248 Words   |  5 Pages3. Neural Networks This technique follows the same notion of how human brain works. It consists of collection of highly interconnected processing elements that convert a set of given inputs to a set of desired outputs. The widely used neural network for intrusion detection is Multilayer Perceptions (MLP).Neural Network based intrusion detection systems are intended to classify the normal and intrusion patterns and the type of the attack. For this purpose, the network is trained on various typesRead MoreCognitiveradio and Networking Research at Virginia Tech23281 Words   |  94 PagesINVITED PAPER Cognitive Radio and Networking Research at Virginia Tech A large research team with a wide range of expertiseVfrom ICs and reconfigurable computing to wireless networkingVworks to achieve the promise of cognitive radio. By Allen B. MacKenzie, Senior Member IEEE , Jeffrey H. Reed, Fellow IEEE , Peter Athanas, Senior Member IEEE , Charles W. Bostian, Fellow IEEE , R. Michael Buehrer, Senior Member IEEE , Luiz A. DaSilva, Senior Member IEEE , Steven W. Ellingson, Senior Member IEEERead MoreDesign Of An Antenna For Wireless Sensor Network10460 Words   |  42 Pages Design of an Antenna for Wireless sensor Network ZIA UDDIN Student ID: 1318104 BEng Telecommunications and Networks Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Masood Ur Rehman Undergraduate Project Final Report, Academic year 2014/2015 DISCLAIMER This is the final report for the chosen undergraduate project in the area related to â€Å"BEng Telecommunications and Networks Engineering† taught at University of Bedfordshire. It is hereby confirmed that the work done in the report is all owned by the authorRead MoreCissp Study Guide67657 Words   |  271 Pagesthe system. C. A definition of those items that must be excluded on the system. D. A listing of tools and applications that will be used to protect the system. Answer: A Explanation: A system-specific policy presents the management s decisions that are closer to the actual computers, networks, applications, and data. This type of policy can provide an approved software list, which contains a list of applications that can be installed on individual workstations. This policy can describe how databasesRead MoreNokias Human Resources System144007 Words   |  577 Pagesprotect numerous Nokia, NAVTEQ and Nokia Siemens Networks patented, standardized or proprietary techn ologies from third ­party infringement or actions to invalidate the intellectual property rights of these technologies; the impact of changes in government policies, trade policies, laws or regulations and economic or political turmoil in countries where our assets are located and we do business; any disruption to information technology systems and networks that our operations rely on; unfavorable outcomeRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 PagesCalamities Terrorist Attacks/Sabotage Impact of Chemical Disasters Major Chemical Accidents in India Aims and Objectives of the Guidelines 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.5.1 Present Status and Context Regulatory Framework and Codes of Practises Institutional Framework and Compliance Institutional Framework Compliance Other Technical Activities/Initiatives Initiatives in Installations Initiatives in Storages Initiatives in the

A Land Remembered By Patrick Smith Essay - 1412 Words

The environment around us in Southwest Florida is beautiful, but also delicate. From the tall cabbage palms to the shortest saw palmetto, the foliage that surrounds us represents life in Southwest Florida. The environment in Florida is extremely fragile and steps need to be taken in order to preserve its beauty. The first settlers in Florida sacrificed their living conditions to be surrounded by snakes, bobcats, and bears. From their sacrifice, Americans were able to settle one of the most beautiful places in the United States. Now, Florida has been bulldozed down and is filled with gated communities and retirement centers. The Florida landscape has taken many hits throughout the years, but it still manages to grow up through the concrete and show what Florida used to look like. The fragile environment in South West Florida needs to be protected for future generations to enjoy. In the book A Land Remembered by Patrick Smith, the concept of appreciating nature resonates throughout the novel. The first character introduced, Solomon Maclvey, is the great grandson of one of the settlers of Southwest Florida. Solomon constantly expresses his disgust with how developed Miami has become, although it was his family that became wealthy from developing Florida. As Solomon looks upon Miami in A Land Remembered, â€Å"Then they came to the La Florida Hotel, sitting like a stuffed frog, rising boastfully above all of them, thirty stories, with the letters MCI blazoned across its top. TheShow MoreRelatedA Land Remembered By Patrick Smith1568 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as the environment. A major concept in colloquium is that society and environment are intertwined. The book A Land Remembered, by Patrick Smith, depicts that a person’s values taught by his or her family greatly impacts the relationship between people and the environment. The book contains several characters with various backgrounds. The first character in A Land Remembered is Solomon MacIvey, a wealthy man who inherited a family fortune. At one point the book mentioned, â€Å"and then they cameRead MoreEssay about The Problems Brought by Overpopulation696 Words   |  3 Pagesis when certain countries seek to buy or lease lands in other countries for mainly farming purposes. Mostly the land-buyers are well-developed countries where the natural sources are close to depletion and population have outrun their own land. On the contrary, the land-sellers are small, underdeveloped countries which are ready to sign agreements that are less favorable to them. These land negotiations raises various issues that mainly affects land-seller countries. An alarming aspect of this geopoliticsRead More A Land Rembered by Patrick D. Smith Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pages The novel, A Land Remembered, is the epic saga of three generations of MacIveys. The novel begins with a flash back, from the last generation MacIvey, Sol. Sol was a real estate tycoon in Miami and the surrounding areas. He has chosen to give up his life in Miami to live his last hours in the cabin in Punta Rassa , Florida; the cabin his grandfather had built. Thus, the three generations of MacIveys in Florida ends. The first generation of MacIveys consisted of the father and husband, TobiasRead MoreThomas Jefferson Was The Second President Of The United States Of America1671 Words   |  7 PagesMartha Skelton. During these years Jefferson created an image for himself and grew into his political identity. For example, Jefferson was a shy man who is more comfortable listening and observing people he admired when they spoke, people such as Patrick Henry. This would often be mistaken for arrogance. As soon as Jefferson was in the House of Burgesses as a young law student it was evident that he opposed all forms of â€Å"parliamentary taxation and supported non importation resolutions against BritishRead MoreSoc Test9122 Words   |  37 Pages_____, who was critical of the system of slavery, was a pioneering feminist. Answer Dorothy Smith Marianne Weber Harriet Martineau Emily Durkheim Patricia Wright Mills 10 points Question 2 This early sociologist helped to found the NAACP and was himself a prominent Black sociologist. Answer W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington Jesse Martin Donald Black Read MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesMann (1924). Pather Panchali, by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay (1929)[29] Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell (1936) Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1936) Native Son by Richard Wright (1940) A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith (1943) The Green Years by A. J. Cronin (1944) The Catcher in the Rye, by J. D. Salinger (1951)[30] The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (for plot character Eustace Scrubb) by C. S. Lewis (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) In the Castle of My SkinRead MoreEnlightment of Education in Pygmalion and Educating Rita9449 Words   |  38 Pagesof its causes, which included gaining equal rights for men and women, | | |alleviating abuses of the working class, rescinding private ownership of productive | | |land, and promoting healthy lifestyles. | | |George Bernard Shaw ranks next to Shakespeare among English playwrights, and yet he did| | Read MoreLenin13422 Words   |  54 PagesRussian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the world s first constitutionally socialist state. Immediately afterwards, the new government under Lenin s leadership proceeded to implement socialist reforms, including the transfer of estates and crown lands to workers soviets. Faced with the threat of German invasion, he argued that Russia should immediately sign a peace treaty—which led to Russia s exit from the First World War. In 1921 Lenin proposed the New Economic Policy, a system of state capitalismRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesFuture of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY Read MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 PagesBirth/Death: April 21, 1816 to March 31,1855 Facts that connect: Mr. Brocklehurst is based off the Reverend Carus Wilson, the man who ran Cowan Bridge. Bronte lost two of her sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, to tuberculosis at Cowan Bridge. Bronte s brother, Patrick, became addicted to drugs and alcohol before he died. Similarities: She, along with her three sisters, was sent to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge. Charlotte Bronte lost her mother when she was five years old, and was raised by her

A Room With A View English Literature Essay Free Essays

In the gap of the fresh Forster nowadayss repression within the English category system taking to a life with no position which is represented by the fact that Lucy and Charlotte did non acquire the suites overlooking the Arno that they expected. Charlotte represents the stiff and conventional society that is keeping Lucy back. Charlotte ‘s â€Å" protecting embracing † gave Lucy the â€Å" esthesis of fog † . We will write a custom essay sample on A Room With A View English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She wants Lucy to act in a â€Å" ladylike † manner and wants her to avoid any improper behavior with immature work forces. Charlotte holds Lucy back from showing her true emotions with George Emerson possibly because of being humiliated herself in a love matter many old ages ago. â€Å" I have met the type before. They rarely keep their feats to themselves. † This has prevented Charlotte from seeing that true love exists and so nowadayss to Lucy â€Å" the complete image of a cheerless, loveless universe † with no position. Forster besides shows the reader that there are romantic characteristics concealed inside her. This is shown when she in secret tells Miss Lavish about George and Lucy ‘s buss who so proceeds to compose her novel about it. This same repression is seen with Lucy who plays her piano with passion demoing that merely through her music can Lucy genuinely express herself otherwise she is merely an ordinary conventional miss. â€Å" If Miss Honeychurch of all time takes to populate as she plays, it will be really exciting † ( p30 ) Mr Beebe is waiting for the minute when Lucy can interrupt free from Charlotte and take a more bold and audacious life. When Lucy returns to her place in England â€Å" the drawing room drapes at Windy Corner had been pulled to run into for the rug was new and merited protection from the August Sun. They were heavy drapes, making about to the land, and the visible radiation that filtered through them was subdued and varied † . The pulling room drapes protect the furniture from the detrimental beams of the Sun, merely as Lucy has been protected in Italy by Charlotte. There is no position and the visible radiation has been blocked. This symbolises how Lucy is repressed and prevented from seeing the true nature of life. They are denied the beauty of a â€Å" position † . Cecil besides attempts to protect Lucy with his restricting thoughts. Cecil ‘s attitude towards adu lt females is chesty and dismissive: he treats Lucy ‘s thoughts as if they are of â€Å" feminine inconsequence † and wants her to conform to an image of a Leonardo picture of enigma and soundlessness, in which he is ever dominant. When Lucy thinks of Cecil â€Å" it ‘s ever in a room † and one â€Å" with no position † ( p99 ) . This illustrates how Cecil is quashing Lucy ‘s feelings, supplying her with a life of humdrum and so forestalling her seeing the true position of life. Forster uses Italy to rouse Lucy to new ways of thought and the gap up of Windowss to see the universe. â€Å" The well-known universe had broken up, and at that place emerged Florence, a charming metropolis where people thought and did the most extraordinary things † that has â€Å" the power, possibly to arouse passions, good and bad, and convey them to speedy fulfillment † ( p51 ) . Italy is uninhibited by category limitations and this esthesis of equality and freedom shakes the foundations of Lucy ‘s old position of the universe. It is a topographic point where anything can go on. Lucy ‘s position on life ab initio begins to open up by George and Mr Emerson trading suites. â€Å" I have a position, I have a position†¦ This is my boy†¦ his name ‘s George. He has a position, excessively. † Mr Emerson is talking of their positions of the river, but the Forster intends the text to hold a dual significance. The Emersons ‘ position has to make with more than the quality of their suites and Forster implies a metaphorical significance in that the Ralph waldo emersons have a superior position of life which is much freer and more exciting. Miss Lavish takes her Baedeker guidebook and later loses her in Santo Croce when â€Å" for one ravishing minute Italy appeared † to Lucy. Inside the church he meets the Ralph waldo emersons who show her how to bask the church by following her bosom non by her guidebook. Their philosophic position helps Lucy in her geographic expedition of her ain life and the universe. â€Å" The baneful appeal of Italy worked on her, and alternatively of geting information, she began to be happy † . Furthermore when Lucy witnesses the slaying and the Italian falls at her pess she is overwhelmed the spontaneousness of the incident. When she regains consciousness after fainting and is rescued by George, she realises that she â€Å" every bit good as the deceasing adult male, had crossed some religious boundary † . Lucy begins to gain that her image of the universe based on how others think she should be is being replaced by self-generated reaction and natural inherent aptitude. A new position is opening up for her. â€Å" She contemplated the River Arno, whose boom was proposing some unexpected tune to her ears † . This position of the river symbolises the great alteration inside Lucy and the journey to happen her true position of life. Lucy nevertheless is non reborn into a passionate adult female until she is kissed by George. â€Å" The position was organizing at last † . Forster is demoing how Lucy ‘s find of her position mirrors her personal find. Her experiences in Italy alteration her, giving her new eyes to see the universe, and a position of her ain psyche as good. Finally Lucy at stopping points additions freedom to look out of Windowss. She is able to see clearly what she wants from life. George tells her that Cecil merely sees her as an object to be admired and will ne’er love her adequate to allow her independency, while George loves her for who she genuinely is. â€Å" Conventional, Cecil, you ‘re that, for you may understand beautiful things, but you do n’t cognize how to utilize them ; and you wrap yourself up in art and books and music, and would seek to wrap up me. I wo n’t be stifled, non by the most glorious music, for people are more glorious, and you hide them from me. † She so breaks off her battle with Cecil and in making this she breaks the societal codification of society. A last minute meeting with Mr Emerson convinces Lucy to acknowledge and move upon her love for George. â€Å" How he managed to beef up her. It was as if he had made her see the whole of everything at one time. † At th e very terminal of the novel George and Lucy have eloped and have returned to the same Pension in Italy and look out from the same window to the future universe. Although they both look out to the same position of Italy it is with a really different position of the universe. George ‘s position has become clear through his relationship with Lucy who has given him a point to his being and Lucy ‘s position has changed both emotionally and by interrupting off from her societal category. They both have a actual and metaphorical â€Å" room with a position † one that involves populating for the minute and non merely for society. In decision Forster ‘s rubric â€Å" A Room with a Position † is really affectional because through Lucy ‘s eyes we have strayed through the streets of Florence and returned somewhat changed, unable to look at the universe in the same old manner. We all need the room to show our personal truths and the openness and freedom to love that the positions in Forster ‘s fresh represent. How to cite A Room With A View English Literature Essay, Essay examples

The Things They Carried Essay free essay sample

Courage is perseverance. Times stories tell about long, uncomfortable nights and the ever present waiting. In those moments, courage is about perseverance. Tim says, Sometimes the bravest thing on earth was to sit through the night and feel the cold in your bones. Courage was not always a matter of yes or no (141). When the circumstance demanded patience, this would be bravery and courage. In that moment, the bravest thing possible was to wait. Being able to continue without complaint was courage.It takes a strong person to see things through to the end, to push through the fatigue. Tim felt that courage was endurance. The men were able to feel the burden of the war Just in that night of waiting. Courage is the acceptance of guilt and death. Death is an ever present thing in a war. People are killed in wars. Tim once killed a man and he still dwells upon his death and the blame and guilt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Things They Carried Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He comes to terms with his death by saying, Here is the story-truth killed him. What stories can do, I guess, is make things present. I can look at things I never looked at. I can attach faces to grief and love and pity and God. I can be brave. I can make myself feel again. (172). Tim has finally accepted his role in the mans death. It was courageous of him to reconcile with himself. Courage is facing opposition and overcoming it. It takes courage to accept the hard truth that money you know has died or that you were the cause of someone elses death Courage is being truthful. People often hide behind their lies. Pride and hiding true feelings is a common thing.It takes a strong person to be truthful about everything. Tim talks about his writing, Its time to be blunt.. . I want you to feel what I felt. I want you to know why story-truth is truer sometimes than happening- truth. (171). OBrien tells how most of the story has been invented but he wants us to know the truth behind the stories. It takes a lot of courage to be truthful in a situation that may make you look bad. Sometimes telling the truth is the hardest thing to do. Tim comes to terms with himself and is able to accept his stories as the truth.Courage is being able to face the truth about oneself. O Bribe clearly makes the point that courage has many different definitions. Every situation presents a new way to be courageous. He defines courage as perseverance, acceptance, truth, understanding and many other things. As the novel progressed, he began to explore the courage in facing the truth about himself and his experiences. It is the hardest to have courage when facing yourself.

The Use Of Perspective in The Blind Assassin Essay Sample free essay sample

The superb tapestry inThe Blind Assassinis authoritative Margaret Atwood. It is a story-within-a-story. a novel-within-a-novel interwoven in one attractively crafted literary piece. The narrative. set in fictional Ontario and Toronto towns in the 1930s and 1940s. is told in the position of the storyteller every bit good as position of history through newspaper cuttings. Initially. it seems that the secret plan is traveling to be told chiefly in a telegraphic manner through a series of newspaper cut-outs. With these. the reader is treated to a series of human deaths. First. is the tragic decease of Laura Chase who drove a auto off a span when she was merely 25 old ages old. Second. is the decease of Richard Griffen and so Aimee Griffen. 30 old ages subsequently. This twine of deceases is linked by one old woman—Iris Chase. the story’s storyteller. Iris is Laura’s sister. Richard’s married woman. and Aimee’s female parent. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use Of Perspective in The Blind Assassin Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now in her 80s with a weak bosom get downing to neglect her. she writes about the fortunes of their deceases. The drawn-out narration is told in the first individual. through the position of Iris. Atwood uses Iris and newspaper cuttings to detail flashbacks. As Iris tells her narrative and those around her. the cuttings besides unveil the enigma that surrounds their decease. This is an effectual tool because as the enigmas grow midst. it becomes impossible to set the book down ( Richards. par. 2 ) . Atwood seems to be giving her readers unreciprocated inquiries and dramas with them. She uses Iris to give a sense of play and nostalgia and the cuttings to supply history that will back up these emotions. It is to the late Laura that the writing of the novel is attributed. with a posthumous publication day of the month of 1947 ( par. 6 ) . As Iris writes. it is Laura who touches people and non her. The narrative besides inside informations the love matter between a affluent adult female and a adult male concealing out from the jurisprudence. Their narrative is told in installments throughout the novel and in clip curiously emerges as a unusual metaphor for the lives outside of Iris’ and Laura’s. In this novel. it seems that Atwood treated her readers to at least two different universes: the universe of Iris told in historical item and the universe of phantasy of the fictional lovers. All of these interwoven in one novel makes Atwood’s secret plan dreadfully complicated and convoluted but Atwood effortlessly pull it off ( par. 10 ) . The Blind Assassinshow windows Atwood’s first-class narrative weaving powers. The dizzying start—drawing readers through decades-old flashbacks in the eyes of the storyteller and clippings—suddenly becomes eye-popping and so finally obliging. Atwood’s usage of the narrator’s position gives the narrative a human face. It provides readers with the emotions present in an event that are in fact decades-old. This first-person narrative efficaciously brings readers to that topographic point and that minute where the characters move. Through Iris’ position. all personas voices are heard. All of the personas’ narratives are told and given life. Through the narrator’s position. the complex narratives of the characters are besides given colour. Through Iris. Atwood creatively led her audience to events in history like the optimism in the 1920s. the hungriness and fright during the Great Depression and the political agitation during the late fortiess. Atwood. through Iris. besides gave the readers physical inside informations such as vesture and general manners of life during those times ( par. 8 ) . The newspaper cuttings. for their portion. gave readers a elaborate history environing the characters’ decease. It was these small cut-outs that unveiled the enigmas. Every now and so. the readers will acquire the feeling of â€Å"Oh†¦so that was how it happened. † The cuttings provided replies to inquiries like â€Å"why Iris feels a certain manner about how things turned out. † Even the transitions from the novel ( besides called The Blind Assassin ) that is included in Iris’ memories gave the readers metaphorical mentions. Atwood someway intertwined the lives of the fictional lovers with that of those in Iris’ circle. The novel was Atwood’s originative manner of stating a story-within-a-story. The Blind Assassin is like a show window of Atwood’s many literary techniques. There is history and snippings of poesy within one complex text. It’s like a small spot of the manners Atwood experimented with through the old ages ( par. 10 ) . The authoritative novel. to which Atwood gained a fabulous position as a literary mastermind. offered the heroic narrative of one household through different point of views and assorted angles. The novel that seemed cerebrally confounding at first was resolved through the lens of the cuttings. the fictional novel. and Iris—meaning through history. phantasy. and emotions. Atwood’sThe Blind Assassinis a masterpiece both in the criterions of workmanship and storytelling. The mosaic resulted to a breathtaking journey into the personas’ yesteryear and the absorbing disclosure of the enigmas that surround it. The diverse positions and points of positions Atwood utilised were attractively interwoven in one classical whole. The rhetorical device Atwood used madeThe Blind Assassinmore than merely another narrative of a household in the 1930s. Through this literary scheme. the novel became an insightful history into a tragic yesteryear and the painful journey towards doing sense of that yesteryear. Plants Cited: Richards. Linda. â€Å"Brilliant Tapestry. †January Magazine. ( Oct. 2000 ) . 8 Oct. 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //januarymagazine. com/fiction/blindassassin. hypertext markup language gt ; .

Environmental Impact Of Aquaculture Wild-Caught Vs. Farmed Fish Coursework

Environmental Impact Of Aquaculture Wild-Caught Vs. Farmed Fish Coursework Environmental Impact Of Aquaculture Wild Environmental Impact Sustainable development in terms of is fishing refer to the implementation of developmental strategies and policies that there is a sufficient amount of fish that meets the present demand of without compromising the future demand. In this case, a lot of control measure requires to be put in place to ensure that fish resource endowment is not depleted. The acceptable level of resource depletion should be the one that ensures that at any given time, the number of a certain species should not be reduced by half. As such, the acceptable level of depletion should allow further fishing to take place. As such, the fish will not be over-harvested or over-exploited.There is an acceptable level of pollution in aquaculture. These pollutions are mostly treated industrial effluent that contains beneficial feed supplements and microbial that improves the host’s intestinal balance. Furthermore, these effluents contain important fertilizers that enhance the growth of alga e and other small plants that are an important source of fish food. In terms of maintaining the effluent provides important microbial that enhances resistance to poisoning by other chemicals. It, therefore, implies that despite the adverse effects caused by pollution, some it is beneficial to aquatic life, (Martin, Bennett 71)The high demand of healthy food in America has in turn increased the demand for shrimps. This has lead to over-exploitation of the species and hence the environmental concern. To mitigate the effect, such project like â€Å"One shrimp at a time† is important. This because it will not only replenish the depleting stock of shrimps, but also serves as an economic hub. Work CitedMartin, Bennett. Aquaculture , 1780s-1940s: 2007 .Page 71. Print

Burberry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Burberry - Case Study Example However, in 2005, General Universal Stores divested their stake in 2005. The current CEO of the group is Angela Ahredts, who replaced Rose Marie Bravo. (Burberry Official Website, 2010) From its inception, the brand has experienced massive growth and now owns thousand of outlets and franchises throughout England. The company specializes in menwear, womenwear, childrenwear and non-apparel garments. Out of these, the largest share of its revenue comes from womenwear. Burberry is also a household name in the international market. This feat was achieved with the recent trend of globalization and this is where the company pays most attention. The company has no distinctive mission statement. However, reading on from their annual reports it can be seen that the company wants to maximize its revenues in order to increase the business profitability. This is what the entire team and the management of Burberry plc works for and for many years now. In order to achieve their mission of maximizing revenue the company is trying to streamline their operations by moving towards focused collection. Although, this is a generic term but it implies that the company is moving toward more balanced collection in terms of design, style and quality. The company is doing this through constant innovation strategies. They have increased the frequency of new designs coming to retail outlets. The brand also aims to achieve its objective by increasing productivity, streamlining store operations, by adopting a policy of quick expansion and by making use of the latest technology to make their operations more and more efficient. (Burberry Annual Reports of 2008, 2009) From our discussion about Burberry plc Group, we can see that it has been doing brilliantly since its inception. However, in the recent years, the firm is facing some challenges in the form of recession and fierce competition in the industry due to entry of a lot of new firm in this market to cater the needs of the consumer. In the next part of this report, we are going to look at some of the strategies that Burberry has adopted to counter these challenges. Burberry has been greatly affected by the ongoing recessionary phase in which we find global economy in. Economic recession has affected Burberry indirectly in an adverse way. As a result of economic recession, people's purchasing power has been deteriorating and now they have to think twice when buying a luxury item like Burberry. As a result of this, Burberry's profits are fast falling and irked the top management of the company for sometimes now. One example of how Burberry is been affected by continuing recession can be seen in the Burberry Group's income statement for the year which shows a profit of 99.8m as compared to 170.9m that were earned a year before. This was decline of approximately 41%. This shows how badly the firm is affected by the current recessionary wave that the world is experiencing. Another thing that worries Burberry's management is the structure of supply-chain of the company. The company finds that in few of the firm's product categories, it relies on small number of supplier. As a result, these suppliers command more authority over Burberry and this over reliance on few suppliers can cause a lot of trouble to Burberry. However, the only way the situation can be improved is by restructuring the supply-chain management of the company, which the company is trying to undertake with some success. Similarly, most of the firm's

The contribution of the construction industry to economic development Dissertation

The contribution of the construction industry to economic development in Libya - Dissertation Example Over the next ten years i.e. 1991-2001 both GDP of construction industry and national GDP were increased significantly and the contribution of construction industry to Libya’s GDP was also increased significantly. In 2001 this contribution reached at 7.03%. However, since 2001 it again started to lower and quite surprisingly it came to almost 3.95% in the year 2006. In the next three years construction industry has contributed 4.52%, 5.13% and 8.78% respectively. Question 2 These percentage contributions of construction industry to the national GDP tells the way Libya’s construction industry has grown with the growth of the country’s economy. During the period of 1986-1991 construction industry’s growth was quite volatile whereas the national economy has grown consistently. In other words construction industry failed to perform in a constant way with respect to Libya’s economy. Similar trend is also observed over the next ten years i.e. 1991-2001 an d main reason behind such findings is the fact that there is lack of consistency in the growth of construction industry although the national economy has grown on a regular basis. However, data shows that during 2004-2009 this industry has grown constantly (from 2159.2 Million Libyan Dollar to 7577.5 Million Libyan Dollar).

Epictetus Philosophy and Marion Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epictetus Philosophy and Marion Jones - Essay Example It is impossible to change destiny or even environment according to one's wishes. By trying to fight against the tide of predestined conditions, one creates misery for himself. To be able to accept situations as they are, it is essential to be devoid of emotions. To be attached to sentiments is to be attached to worldly things that are temporary. If we do not involve ourselves emotionally with anything, and accept what nature has to offer us, we can live in accordance and harmony with nature. Two steps become important to keep ourselves in harmony with nature. The first step is to focus on our actions. Once we understand our actions, it becomes easier to respond appropriately. The second step is to understand the context in which the action occurred. The context helps us to comprehend why the actions happened. For both these factors to be useful, it is imperative that one detached from the situation and action and is able to clinically examine it. He implies this in his statement, "When you are about to undertake some action, remind yourself what sort of action it is." (Handbook 4, trans. Hard). A human has no control over anything except himself. Epictetus believes that people need to maintain their prohairesis. This is known as a person's moral character. It essential to be self satisfied in order to maintain morality. Every problem that one faces in life should be seen as an opportunity to strengthen the prohairesis. Only then can humans achieve eudaimonia. His theory and Jones If we were to imagine a hypothetical situation of Epictetus meeting Jones before she took the performance enhancing drugs, we can safely assume that he would have been against the idea. Epictetus is very clear about his concept of Stoicism. Stoicism requires a pursuit of moral glorification. And it requires being true to one's nature. By using enhancers, Jones has strayed from the dictum of 'following nature'. One cannot act antagonistically to legal laws and remain true to herself. Epictetus would have advised Jones to understand and accept her shortcomings and not attempt to be 'contrary to nature.' He would have warned her that fame and success are material goals and she should not compromise her integrity and prohairesis for something so tangible. His reasoning might have compelled him to think that it was unacceptable on her part to try and outdo her capability. However, Jones realizes this only much later, when she states in an interview that "I think that I absolutely should have to accept responsibility for breaking the law." But she does adhere to Epictetus eventually. She admits to drug abuse and pleads guilty. She accepts that she had been in the wrong and that to make mistakes is human. Jones does accept to her limitations, but only after she has been discovered and not before. If she were in sync with her integrity earlier, she would not have had to face the public humiliation. This proves that the pursuit of happiness through moral means is the best possible achievement in life and everything else is transitory. Even then, she manages to come to terms with her failure as an athlete and an influential figure. She tries to figure out how she can help others by her own experience. In this way, she has in someway, adhered to Epictetus' theory of reviewing one's actions. Prison and realizations It is imperative

The Business Transformations Organizational Context Information Technology Essay

The Business Transformations Organizational Context Information Technology Essay Business Transformation, in an organizational context, is a process of profound and radical change, focussing an organization on a new direction and taking it to a new level of effectiveness. Transformation implies a basic change of character and little or no resemblance to the past configuration or structure (www.businessdictionary.com, 2010a). IT enabled business transformation is the use of technology in order to fundamentally alter the way business is carried out within an industry and organizations implementing these changes can competitive advantages (Rau, 2006). Information Systems enabling business transformation has evolved greatly over time. The early 70s saw data being centralized and systems linked to a very few business functions and the operations of the bulky main frames. The 80s saw the installation of PCs and LANs and departments set up computer systems, using end-user computing with word processors and spreadsheets making departments less dependent on the IT department. The main focus was central control and corporate learning. The 90s Wide Area Networks became corporate standards with senior management looking for system and data integration. Main focus was central and corporate learning. The millennium brought with it Wide Area Network expansion through the internet to include global enterprises and business partners supply chain and distribution. Senior management look for data sharing while the main focus is on attaining efficiencies and speed in inventory, manufacturing and distribution. (University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, n.d ). The roles and responsibilities of the CIO are ever evolving. Ross and Fenny (1999) highlight the varied roles of the CIO during three eras; mainframe era (1960s 1980s), distributed era (late 1970s onwards) and the web-based era (mostly mid 1990s onwards). The mainframe era CIO was is most cases a Data Processing/Information Systems manager. The key tasks demanded were to deploy new systems to time and budget, and ensuring systems reliability during operations. The distributed era saw the CIO hit turbulent times. CIOs had to learn and master multiple roles in order to survive and prosper. The four main roles of the CIO were Organizational Designer, Technology Advisor, Technology Architect and Informed Buyer. During the web based era, the evolving CIO focuses on business change through new business models, management processes etc. The CIO also argues for greater measure of central coordination and also work with executive colleagues to improve leverage so as to fulfil the need for st rategically aligning operations to IT in a bid to attain higher levels of efficiency and competitive advantage. Lanka Bell is the second largest fixed line telecommunications operator in Sri Lanka with over 1.2 million CDMA and fixed wired lines. It is also the ISP with the largest international backbone in Sri Lanka. Lanka Bell was established in 1997 and was later acquired by Milford Holdings (Pvt) Ltd, a subsidiary of the Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka (DCSL) in 2005. Under new management, Lanka Bell was the first Operator to introduce CDMA into the Sri Lankan market and is presently has the largest CDMA customer base of more than 1.2 million subscribers. In 2008, Lanka Bell invested US $27 million to link Sri Lanka to the Falcon section of the FLAG fibre optic undersea cable, which is owned by Indias Reliance Communications and has more than 87 points of presence (POPs) worldwide. Lanka Bell is the Sri Lankan operator with the largest international backbone capacity. Further, the Lanka Bell team more than quadrupled from about 350 employees in 2005 to about 1500 today. Lanka Bell curren tly has 65 branch offices, and also strategic ties to Abans, Softlogic, Arpico Shopping Malls and multiple banks in easing the obtaining of services and the settlement of bills. In mid 2008, Lanka Bell was the first Sri Lankan operator to commercially launch WiMAX operations. WiMAX is currently being deployed island wide in the provision of data and voice solutions. The WiMAX network enables the coupling of voice and data solutions including Broadband, Leased Lines and VPNs. It also provides for a centralized monitoring and fault locating. WiMAX is one of the most recent technologies to hit the telecom industry in the provision of high speed data, voice and streaming media. Lanka Bell is just 13 years old and as Sri Lanka is a developing country, it cannot be assumed that Sri Lanka has the infrastructure and know-how currently available in more developed nations. In place of a CIO, Lanka Bell has an individual with the designation of General Manager IT. Presently Lanka Bell is upgrading IT/IS infrastructure and data and voice networks to support future expansion and create efficiency. The IT/IS division has presently taken over the IT/IS operations of 16 companies coming under the parent DCSL group and manages all technology related issues. This provides for improved efficiency and significant cost savings on man power and other resources. Further, Lanka Bell is testing the use of HP Blade Servers in collaboration with DMS Electronics (Private) Limited. The Blade systems are state of the art new server systems which support for advanced data processing, storage and redundancy option through SAN (Storage Area Network). These Blade systems consume less po wer, less space and support virtualization, which will enable multiple servers to be installed and managed on one system, which is the technology of tomorrow. The positive outcomes of this could be newer, faster and reliable systems supporting centralized storage and management and thus lowering the overall hardware costs, power costs, maintenance cost and labour costs etc. Tests are also being carried out on mobile CDMA. This technology has already established infrastructure and the company may have a considerable income if the system could be implemented. The organization also conducts tests on the WiMAX network with multiple vendors, testing inter vendor compatibility and the overcoming of identified issues etc. These experiments are being conducted to enable reduction of costs of operation and to also provide a wider range of products and services to customers at more competitive rates. The role played by IS/IT in the telecom industry worldwide is immense. Cansfield (2008) states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦value in telecoms is created by the IT systems that create the services that run on the network and are purchased by customers. Cansfield (2008) further states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the performance of the IT systems should be placed under as much scrutiny as the balance sheet. As mentioned in the above paragraphs, it can be seen that IS/IT enabled business transformation is a continuous process and as change occurs, so does the role of the CIO have to evolve. It can be understood from the overview of Lanka Bell that as the company enforces changes to business strategy, it needs the IS/IT strategy to evolve too. For these changes to occur smoothly, the CIO should be able to evolve to match the situational requirements. Literature mostly covers the two areas of IS/IT enabled business transformation and the evolving role of CIOs as separate areas of study; neither providing sufficient comparisons nor emphasizing the relationship existent. Based on initial studies, congruency between the evolving role of the CIO and IS/IT enabled business transformation can be noted. This research is conducted so as to identify how the evolution of IS/IT enabled business transformation influences the change in the roles of CIOs and also to formulate guidelines and recommendations to Lanka Bell. These guidelines and recommendations are intended to assist the top level management match the changes in business environment with the level of IS/IT enabled business transformations and provide a clearer view for the CIO to conduct operations. 6.0 Literature Review: IT enabled business transformation has many definitions by different academia. Rau (2006) defines IT enabled business transformation as the use of technology in order to fundamentally alter the way business is carried out within an industry and organizations implementing these changes can competitive advantages. Oestreich (2009) says of IT enabled business transformation that it is the integration of all activities and functions along business processes into a single process agile value chain. Similarly, Markus and Benjamin (1997) also view the transformation as a business process that crosses several functional lines. In studying the above definitions, it can be summarized that Rau (2006) views IT enabled transformation as the use of technology in attaining competitive advantages, while Oestreich (2009) views it as the integration of processes. Markus and Benjamin (1997) view is integration across functions. Based on the above, a definition can be formed where IT enabled transformat ion is the use of technology to attain competitive advantages by integrating processes across functional lines. Ever since the commercialization of computers in the late 1950s, IT has been an enabler to business transformation. Ross and Fenny (1999) differentiate the levels of IS utilization during three eras. The mainframe era commenced with the automation of clerical tasks and overtime developed transaction processing capabilities. It was during this stage that Electronic Data Processing was initiated in the accounting function. In good time, firms began automating other functions until mainframe computing affected the organizational activities or most large organization. The distributed era commenced with the development of business applications for mini computers and personal computers and typically targeting needs of knowledge workers. This initially resulted in islands of computing within organizations. IT was increasingly perceived as a tool for cross-functional integration and collaboration. It was at this stage that certain companies took IT as a competitive weapon and strove to innov ate along the supply and distribution chains. Further changes evident were globalization and business process re-engineering. Towards the end of the era, ERP systems emerged and they seamlessly integrated all required transaction processing within a distributed network. Organizations invested huge sums in ERP development. The web-based era brought with it the development of the internet, extranet an intranet based applications for business. Organizations began to realize they could offer low cost value-added services via the web. Intranet applications linking the organization provide for data sharing and business process standardization. Knowledge management is a key development of the web-based era. Extranet applications have also developed to link an organization with multiple partners in supply, distribution, manufacturing etc. Rouse (2005) states in the late 1950s and early 1960s, a whole new segment of interactive computing emerged. In the late 1960s, Digital Equipment Corporat ion (DEC) minicomputers dominated the interactive computing market while in the mid 1980s, Apple came out with the Macintosh, which became the industry standard in the sense of its features and benefits. He further states that most of todays attention has been dominated by the internet. The process of transformation in itself is of complex nature and many academics have suggested models. Venkatraman (1994) provides a framework based on two dimensions: the potential IT benefit range and degree of organizational transformation, and states the benefits from deployment of IT are marginal if superimposed on existing organizational conditions. In cases where investments in IT functionality are complimented by organizational changes in characteristics, benefits accrue. A diagram of the model is given below: Source: Venkatraman (1994) Ventakraman (1994) further describes the distinctive characteristics of each stage: Localized Exploitation covers the leveraging of IT functionality to redesign focused, high-value areas of business operation. Internal Integration covers the leveraging of IT capability to create a seamless organization process reflecting both technical interconnectivity and organizational interdependence. Business Process Redesign addresses redesigning the key processes to derive organizational capabilities for competing in the future as opposed to simply rectifying current weaknesses; use IT capability as an enabler for future organizational capability. Business Network Redesign is articulating the strategic logic to leverage related participants in the business network to provide products and services in the marketplace; exploiting IT functionality for learning from the extended network as well as for coordination and control. Business Scope Redefinition is the redefining of the corporate scope that is enabled and facilitated by IT functionality. Venkatraman (1994) conclusively states that, successful companies will be differentiated by their ability to visualize the logic of the new business world and leverage IT to create an appropriate organizational arrangement internal and external to support business logic. The transformation trajectory is a moving target, shaped by fundamental changes in the competitive business world. Managements challenge is to continually adapt the organization and technological capabilities to be in dynamic alignment with the chosen business vision. Rouse (2006) in his book provides a broad systems-oriented view of transformation and a theoretical view on the forces that prompt transformation and the nature of how it is pursued. He also addresses the issue of transformational leadership and organizational and cultural change. Towards the end, he provides a collection of transformational case studies. Perumal and Pandey (2008) define the process of transformation as, a drastic change in the way of running a business. This change may span across processes, people, technology, policies, vision or any other business component, and has a direction for meeting a specific business goal. They provide a table containing the stages of the transformation process and further state that any business transformation impacts in one or more of the following ways; workforce culture becomes manageable, processes become efficient, automation of manual activities, business rules are altered, strategy gains direction. The following is an illustration of the various transformational process stages: In analysing the above paragraphs, it can be noted that Ventakraman (1994) defines the stages or levels of transformation based on two variables; the range of potential benefits and the degree of organizational transformation. An organization can map itself into one of the five stages, given it matches the required criteria. Perumal and Pandey (2008) state transformation spans across processes, people, technology, policies, vision or any other business component, and has a direction for meeting a specific business goal and provide seven stages for transformation. Each stage has sub-steps and if conducted in the correct manner, each element of business gets favourably transformed during the process. The Booz Allen Hamilton (2010) transformation life cycle defines five stages for transformation. It also defines the key enablers to successful transformation which are people, process, technology and physical infrastructure. The model also illustrates the process areas of capability devel opment, ownership building and program stewardship, each are related collectively performed sub processes to achieve a set of predefined goals. In analysing the above paragraphs, Feldhues (2006) presents the Gottschalk set of CIO Leadership Roles. These nine roles described can be applied to a CIO and also to the role expected of a CIO. Furthermore, Edwards et al. (2009) presents five types of present day CIOs and describes them against six criteria he has defined. Also, Kaufeld et al. (2000) provide Charis extended IT Leadership Growth model in emphasizing the role of IS/IT management. This model divides the IS/IT leadership into a four stage process where, when the leadership evolves, the characteristics of the previous stages are included in the new stage, thus improving and increasing competencies and abilities. Lanka Bell was incorporated in 1997 and since inception has been a key player in the telecom and Internet Service Provider (ISP) industry in Sri Lanka. Lanka Bell commenced with around 300 members of staff and very limited technology and systems. Most of the processes at inception had a lot of manual processing involved as they were only partially automated. As operations progressed, the influence of IS/IT upon operations increased. IS/IT was always a part of the business as the telecommunication industry is very dependent on IS/IT systems (Cansfield, 2008). The hierarchy of IT leadership at Lanka Bell also evolved over time with new designations being created and others removed. Currently, the role of the CIO at Lanka Bell is played by the General Manager IT. In 2005, as Lanka Bell saw a new management takeover, the strategic importance of IS/IT and the need for good leadership was recognized. Research can be classified as primary and secondary research. Primary research refers to the researcher collecting his/her own data rather than depending solely on published literature while secondary research refers to the researcher seeking out literature from a number of sources including journals, books conference proceedings etc with a view to show he/she is well read in the area (Biggam, 2008). Further to the above, research methods in general can be classified as action research, experimental research, case study approach, computing research are some examples. The Lecture notes (2010) mention Kock (1997) describes action research as research where the researchers aim is to directly improve the organization studied while also generating scientific knowledge, while Oates (2006) describes experimental research as a strategy investigating cause and effect relationships and seeking to prove or disprove the relationship between a factor and an observed outcome. It also mentions of Yins (2003) description of the case study approach as an empirical study investigating in real life context, even when boundaries are not clearly evident. Computing research is mentioned as being composed of eight major approaches (Galliers, 1992). Dr. Bandu Ranasinghe

The Failure of Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res

The reality of AI, or artificial intelligence, is generally regarded to be a teleological fait accompli: sooner or later, they argue, computers will actually think. Of course, with the backing of many a member of MIT's Media Lab and corporate IT departments anywhere, this conclusion is unquestionable. I would here like to avoid downplaying the great strides made in recent years by computer technologists in promoting this evolutionary vision. But certain aspects of this technological revolution have, indeed, already been achieved. Parallels between current AI eschatology and the triumphs of one Clever Hans are striking both in terms of those creating the technology and that which expresses it. The story of Clever Hans is too famous to bear repeating in detail here, but one should be reminded that Hans's ability to do simple addition and subtraction was facilitated by his handler unconsciously giving him signals about how many times he should move his hoof to indicate the correct answer to the questions put to him. This behavior was reinforced when the handler gave him food for correct answers. His equine intelligence is hardly surprising just on the basis of the facts alone: similar miracles have been developed to exploit the grand smarts of pigeons, chicks, pigs - the what-have-you of the animal world - by many a diligent entrepreneur. What was extraordinary about Hans's case was that the horse's handler himself had no idea he was giving the subtle signals that led to the miraculous results. If the answer was "five" Hans's handler would inadvertently nod the correct number of times and Hans would follow suit, clomping with his hoof five times, knowing full and well that t his game of "horsey-see-horsey-do" would result in a tast... ...is cowardice. AI provides the next great frontier. With careful modeling after the old one, learning from their new environments, with the downloading of current intelligences we will be able to gain some kind of perfection. Who else but us, now, should be the creators of the next world? After all, we've done such a good job with this one. Works Cited Busch-Snell, Alexandra. "Temporal Cyberprojection Through Ultimate End-User Modeling." Studies in Contemporary Biomechanics 44 (1998): 90-120. "Learnings: a Cybervision." Proceedings in Cybernetics 4.1 (1999): 122-47. Phillipi, Phillip. The Alpha Centaurians: a Comprehensive Study. New Punswick: Knopfwurst, 2000. Smedley, Joshingua. "It's Alive, By Me." Cyberjournal/Diss. Erstwhile Institute of Technology, 2002. Squeamous, Crampillion. "Wonks in Cubeville." Progressive Work Studies 17 (2001): 10-22.

Market Segments Essay

Three good ways to define market segments: (1) Who the customers are; (2) Where they are; (3) How they behave. How does each of these definitions apply to you? Name three market segments of which you could belong. Why? What products or services are you being targeted for? Some of the best ways to define a market segment are: Identifiable: The process should identify one or more relatively homogeneous groups of prospective buyers with regard to their wants and needs and/or their likely responses to differences in the elements of the marketing mix—the 4 Ps (product, price, promotion, and place). (Mullins, 2010) Accessible: The segmentation criteria should measure or describe the segments clearly enough so that members can be readily identified and accessed, in order for the marketer to know whether a given prospective customer is or is not in the tar- get market and in order to reach the prospective customer with advertising or other marketing communication messages. (Mullins, 2010) Sizeable: the segmentation process should determine the size and market potential of each segment for use in prioritizing which segments to pursue. (Mullins, 2010) A part of analyzing market segments is to understand who and where are the customers and why do they differ. Market segments should be formed in that way that difference between buyers within each segment is as small as possible. Segmentation helps marketers’ distinguish one customer group from another within a given market which is geographic area, demographic characteristics, social class, and stage in family life cycle, personality, self-image or benefits. Since every buyer has their own individual needs, preferences, resources etc, it may become a challenge if marketers are looking to cater every customer’s needs. Since I am an athlete, I can be targeted for running shoes of a particular style that provides me with the support and stability that I need when I run. Based on my needs, I am most segmented to be a prospective buyer that is moved by price and promotion, making sure I am getting the best deal for the product that I am interested in. In the end, the product that provides the best bundle of benefits—given the customer’s particular needs— is most likely to  be purchased (Mullins, 2010). Reference Mullins, J. W., Walker, Jr., O. C., & Boyd, H. W. (2010). Marketing management: A strategic decision making approach (7th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Free Essays on Comparison Of Stories

In both Alice Walker’s story â€Å"The Flowers† and William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the story’s ending exemplifies the type of change that takes place in the main character. Myop, the protagonist of â€Å"The Flowers,† undergoes a maturing, learning experience, while Emily, the protagonist of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† undergoes a physical change, solely passive. Moreover, each of these characters differs in their approach to the change that happens to them. It is the ending in the stories that clearly finalizes the changes that takes place in each protagonist. The wording of the ending suggests the way in which the characters faced the change. In â€Å"The Flowers,† â€Å"Myop laid down her flowers.† She takes an active role to place her childhood away. It is based solely on her free will; she chooses to mature. On the other hand, Emily is found dead with â€Å"A long strand of iron-gray hair.† Gray hair is a symbol of old age, something that occurs to a person, against their will. Emily’s age change takes place because it is forced upon her. The author describes Emily throughout the story noting her age, â€Å"She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual.† However, later the townspeople notice a difference in her: "When we next saw Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that iron gray, like the hair of an active man." These two characters are similar in that they both undergo change, but are different in the way they go through with it.... Free Essays on Comparison Of Stories Free Essays on Comparison Of Stories In both Alice Walker’s story â€Å"The Flowers† and William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the story’s ending exemplifies the type of change that takes place in the main character. Myop, the protagonist of â€Å"The Flowers,† undergoes a maturing, learning experience, while Emily, the protagonist of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† undergoes a physical change, solely passive. Moreover, each of these characters differs in their approach to the change that happens to them. It is the ending in the stories that clearly finalizes the changes that takes place in each protagonist. The wording of the ending suggests the way in which the characters faced the change. In â€Å"The Flowers,† â€Å"Myop laid down her flowers.† She takes an active role to place her childhood away. It is based solely on her free will; she chooses to mature. On the other hand, Emily is found dead with â€Å"A long strand of iron-gray hair.† Gray hair is a symbol of old age, something that occurs to a person, against their will. Emily’s age change takes place because it is forced upon her. The author describes Emily throughout the story noting her age, â€Å"She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual.† However, later the townspeople notice a difference in her: "When we next saw Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that iron gray, like the hair of an active man." These two characters are similar in that they both undergo change, but are different in the way they go through with it....

Exploring The Novel Sula By Toni Morrison Essays - Sula, Free Essays

Exploring The Novel Sula By Toni Morrison Essays - Sula, Free Essays Exploring The Novel Sula By Toni Morrison A Strong Woman is Outcast Melody Carter Women in 20th Cen. Lit. Prof. Fiona Paton Paper 2- Nov 10, 2000 In the novel Sula, by Toni Morrison we follow the life of Sula Peace through out her childhood in the twenties until her death in 1941. The novel surrounds the black community in Medallion, specifically the bottom. By reading the story of Sulas life, and the life of the community in the bottom, Morrison shows us the important ways in which families and communities can shape a childs identity. Sula not only portrays the way children are shaped, but also the way that a community receives an adult who challenges the very environment that molded them. Sulas actions and much of her personality is a direct result of her childhood in the bottom. Sulas identity contains many elements of a strong, independent feminist character. However, the people in Medallion do not see Sula in a positive light. When she returns to Medallion as an adult Sula is seen as evil and regarded with much fear. The reason Sula outcast from the community is specifically due to the fact that she is a woman who refuses to contain herself in the social norms set up for the town. She refuses to marry and frequently sleeps around. The characters that exist around Sula serve as a point to compare the different ways the community treats those who are different. Specifically the way the characters, Shadrack and Hannah are treated by the community can be compared to the way the community treats Sula. In one way or another, Sula, Shadrack, and Hannah are outcast from the community in the bottom. Shadrack and Hannah however are not regarded with near as much fear or resentment the town feels towards Sula. The difference between the way the town treats Hannah and Sula is particularly alarming. After the death of Sulas father, Hannah has no real relationships with men. She sleeps only with the husbands of her friends and neighbors husbands. Although Hannah sleeps with married men the people in Medallion have a certain respect for her. The men, surprisingly, never gossiped about her. She was unquestionably a kind and generous woman...(p 2013). Hannah has affairs with the same men over and over again. Because of this most often the wives of those men take it as a compliment when Hannah sleeps with them. Hannah is Sulas mother and has indirectly taught a young Sula to view sex as a source of pleasure. Seeing her step so easily into the pantry and emerge looking precisely as she did when she entered, only happier... (p2013). This affects directly the relationships Sula has with men in her adult life. She too sleeps with only the husbands of other women. Sula has never witnessed a healthy relationship between a man and a woman. This is regarded by the community as terrible. Sula uses the men she sleeps with for pleasure, taking no consideration as to how the men feel. She refuses to have such patriarchal relationships as Hannah did. Hannah may indeed have received pleasure from the men she slept with but she remained the submissive participant in her relations. Hannah rubbed no edges, made no demands, made the man feel as though he were complete and wonderful just as he was- he didnt need fixing... (p 2012). Sula, on the other hand, has a need to feel in control right down to the mechanics of her affairs. And there was the utmost irony and outrage in lying under someone, in a position of surrender, feeling her own abiding strength and limitless power. (p2048). She not only took sex from men as pleasure, but sought out to claim power over them. Sula was trying them out and discarding them without any excuse the men could swallow. (p2044). This made the women upset and furthered their hatred for Sula. Sula had power by sleeping with these very same men who held power over submissive wives. The town regards all of Sulas actions as evil. They called her a roach and a bitch, but above that spread a nasty rumor that she slept with white men. There was nothing lower she could do, nothing filthier.

The Ethical Code Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Ethical Code Letter - Essay Example However, there are some unethical practices amongst our outside sales personnel which are of great concern to the management of the organization. For example, our outside sales personnel are fond of receiving gifts from our customers. The management feels that this will compromise the efficiency in the manner in which these people are performing their work (Morgan, 27). Another issue is that the organization wants to increase diversity amongst its human resource personnel. This would include hiring personnel of different races, political orientation, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, and ethnic background. To guide the conduct of our employees based on the factors above their is a need of developing a code of ethics. This code of ethics gives an outline on the general standards of ethics that all the employees of the organization are supposed to follow. In as much as this code will not address or outline all the ethical issues that an employee might face during his or her employment, it is the greatest hope from the management that it will guide an employee in making an ethical decision on a day to day basis (Morgan, 33). Dear employees, the organization requires that all its employees comply with the necessary laws, and regulations that govern the state. This is very important for the welfare of the business organization and that of its employees. For example, when an employee of the organization engages in acts of robbery, then this is a clear violation of the law. On this note, the organization won’t have an option, but to dismiss the employee under consideration. The management of the organization knows that at certain occasions, employees might try to steal from it. However, it is important for the employees to follow the principles set up by consequentialism theory (Morgan, 27). Under these principles, the employee under consideration must ask himself or herself what would be the consequences of the actions under consideration when

Nutritional Knowledge amongst community pharmacists Dissertation

Nutritional Knowledge amongst community pharmacists - Dissertation Example Appendix 3: Results of Reliability Analysis 57 Acknowledgment Nutritional Knowledge amongst Pharmacists Abstract This study ventured to examine the nutritional knowledge and awareness among community pharmacists in the West Yorkshire region in the United Kingdom, to find ways by which the potential of this group of health care professionals can be harnessed to advance health promotion and disease prevention in the neighbourhood. Descriptive research was adopted in the conduct of the study, utilizing quantitative techniques and survey methodology. A 37-item researcher-constructed questionnaire was developed and piloted to establish stability reliability using the pre-test - post-test procedure. Respondents were selected by way of simple random sampling, where a total of 84 respondents voluntarily participated in the study. Results of the study were presented using both descriptive and inferential measures. Key findings revealed that the respondents are most knowledgeable in the areas of pregnancy and elderly and general nutrition and that these pharmacists are taking an active stance in their expanding role as nutrition counsellors. However, 87.5% of the pharmacists admitted they do not have sufficient nutritional background. The nutritional assessment showed that the mean overall percentage score was 62.81%. Only the scores in the areas of general nutrition and drug – nutrient interactions showed significant relationship with nutritional background. Among the recommendations formulated to support the counsellor role of the community pharmacists are: incorporation of substantial modules in nutrition in the pharmacy curriculum, institution of formal mechanisms to foster interest among pharmacist to hone their expertise in nutritional counselling, and encouraging research in the field of nutrition in the pharmaceutical context. 1.0. Introduction and Literature Review The role of a professional pharmacist was depicted by Reeves (2005) as one which â€Å"has fitted itself and its practitioner to the needs of the public health and welfare, whatever they might be and regardless of mode or pattern ... [one] who holds dear the glorious heritage of the thousands of years† (p. 175). The task of pharmacists may be traced back early in history to be of common ancestry with a physician in general practice as apothecaries. As recalled by Bond (2009), apothecaries used to dispense medicines prescribed by doctors, and / or recommend medications for those members of the population who can not afford to consult a physician. In the modern era, pharmacists are health care professionals whose specialty includes the actions, use and chemistry of drugs, as well as their formulation into medicines, and the methods by which these are utilised in the management of illnesses. The main function of a pharmacist is, therefore, to apply such expertise to enhance the efficacy of patient care. Another role of a pharmacist is to guide patients in deriving the greatest benefit from their prescribed medication and in offering advice to the general public regarding the management of the so-called self-limiting and minor conditions (Bond, 2009). Pharmacists also help consumers in the selection of effective medications from a range of over-the-counter drugs or as members of a team of health care professionals. Traditionally, pharmacists practice their profession in association with a health care facility or either as independent or salaried

MGT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT - Assignment Example The video â€Å"Cremation Urn† presents the importance of the cremation urn in our households and the process of making the product. I derived the complex process, chemical materials, time, and equipment used in making cremation urn from the video. I also established the uses and the factors that determine the quality and size of this product. This information helps me to decide on the efficiency and quality of the cremation urn. Unfortunately, the video did not say the cost of making and the buying price of this product. Having watched the â€Å"contact lenses† video, I established the difficult process of making a single contact lens. Additionally, I learnt and understood the 14 steps involved in making a contact lens. The video also show the efficiency and uses of a contact lens. This information helped me to understand the process of making traditional contact lenses, how to store them, and the technicians involved. However, the video fails to address the computerized and modern way of making contact lenses. The video â€Å"Tetra park containers† presents the process, materials, and equipment used to make a Tetra park containers. I also derived the quality of the containers and the three layers that make the container. It also presents the technicians involved in this process. With this information, I will be able to assess the environmental impact and effectiveness of such containers. However, the video did not show how the product is eco-friendly and failed to show the process of attaching the plastic opening system. Indeed, the video also failed to present the capacity of the manufacturing machine and neglected the cost of making Tetra park containers. Finally, the â€Å"Financial services† videos showed the professionals associated with financial services and presented the operational efficiency in financial services. I also established the different types of financial services as well as the challenges in the financial sector. The video showed a

Frq Articles of Confederation Essay Example for Free

Frq Articles of Confederation Essay The Articles of Confederation from 1781 to 1789 did not provide the United States with an effective form of government because of its problems in terms of domestic policy, foreign policy, and economics. Domestic policy, or the set of decisions that a government makes relating to things that directly affect the people in its own country, was not adequate enough to solve strife between states. The Articles stated that state legislatures chose representatives for the house, rather than the people themselves. This began to lean toward the British practices of virtual representation, which the U. S. fought a war to be rid of. Another problem was that each state only received one vote, which was unfair to the larger states with a greater population. With a super majority required to pass laws, almost no laws were passed because no one was able to agree. The lack of federal courts also made it difficult to solve disputes, more specifically those between states, making them all grow more independently rather than as a unified nation. Foreign policy was a mess under the Articles of Confederation. The states were unwilling to give up their land and power as they were afraid that is the federal government gained any more power then they would return to a monarchical type system. With no president, there was no figure to enforce laws or make negotiate with other countries, and the governors were only concerned with the welfare of their own state, preventing the states from becoming more unified. Because the federal government lacked any power, it was impossible to solve the problem with the Mississippi river and fishing rights, and there was no one to stop Shays Rebellion. This lack of power caused great fear that the British could easily come and take us over once again. Massive debts had piled up from the Revolution and from starting a new country, so states were looking for a way to pay them off. They began printing their own currency, only to cause massive inflation and difficulties trading both with other nations, and even from state to state. This inability to trade caused further problems, and they went into a recession. This all resulted from states holding most of the power, rather than their being a balance between state and federal. As the states did not want to lose their power, they would not give up any land to the federal government even if it were to pay off some of its debts. Congress did not have the ability to tax, causing further economic strain and making it difficult to pay off their many debts.

The Symbolic Function of the Sambo Doll in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Ma

In 1952, Ralph Ellison published the only novel of his career: Invisible Man; telling the story of an unnamed â€Å"invisible† narrator. Early on, the narrator delineates his invisibility to â€Å"people refus[ing] to see [him];† society neglects to see him as a result of his black lineage (Ellison 3). Ellison incorporates several objects, frequently appearing and reappearing throughout the novel, to expose social and intellectual issues imposed on the black community. Amid the â€Å"procession of tangible, material objects† moving â€Å"in and out of the text† is the dancing Sambo doll whose purpose is to symbolically represent cruel stereotypes and the destructive power of injustice that blacks fall victim to (Lucas 172). Ellison’s rendering of the small paper dolls, representing obedient black slaves, â€Å"unveils an astonishing correspondence between the past and the present† and functions as a force to the narrator’s most essent ial consciousness of his environment and identity (Lucas 173). The Sambo, whose sole purpose was to entertain the white community, further functions to symbolize, through its stereotype, the power whites have to control the movements of African Americans. Ellison immediately introduces readers to the Sambo stereotype at the beginning of the novel when the invisible man becomes the source of entertainment for the white man at the battle royal, engaging in a fighting match with other black men. Out of pure desperation to be accepted by these men, the narrator; like the obedient Sambo, moves in accordance to what he hears the crowd instructing him to do because â€Å"only these men [can] judge [his] ability† (Ellison 22). To further validate the narrator’s Sambo-like behavior, following the match, a blond man winks at the narrator... ...pulls its strings. For the narrator and the black community, the Sambo dolls are a constant reminder that they are unable to neither form their own identity nor control their very movements. Ellison’s incorporation of the Sambo dolls educates us on an important lesson in life, that it is important to be ourselves and choreograph our own choices and movements in life. We must not allow others to hold reign of our strings and steer us in the direction they feel is right. â€Å"Life is to be lived, not controlled;† our full potential in life lies within our ability to control our movements and decisions in life (Ellison 577). Works Cited Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Vintage International, 1995. Ebook Reader. Morel, Lucas E. Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope: A Political Companion to Invisible Man. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 2004. Print. The Symbolic Function of the Sambo Doll in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Ma In 1952, Ralph Ellison published the only novel of his career: Invisible Man; telling the story of an unnamed â€Å"invisible† narrator. Early on, the narrator delineates his invisibility to â€Å"people refus[ing] to see [him];† society neglects to see him as a result of his black lineage (Ellison 3). Ellison incorporates several objects, frequently appearing and reappearing throughout the novel, to expose social and intellectual issues imposed on the black community. Amid the â€Å"procession of tangible, material objects† moving â€Å"in and out of the text† is the dancing Sambo doll whose purpose is to symbolically represent cruel stereotypes and the destructive power of injustice that blacks fall victim to (Lucas 172). Ellison’s rendering of the small paper dolls, representing obedient black slaves, â€Å"unveils an astonishing correspondence between the past and the present† and functions as a force to the narrator’s most essent ial consciousness of his environment and identity (Lucas 173). The Sambo, whose sole purpose was to entertain the white community, further functions to symbolize, through its stereotype, the power whites have to control the movements of African Americans. Ellison immediately introduces readers to the Sambo stereotype at the beginning of the novel when the invisible man becomes the source of entertainment for the white man at the battle royal, engaging in a fighting match with other black men. Out of pure desperation to be accepted by these men, the narrator; like the obedient Sambo, moves in accordance to what he hears the crowd instructing him to do because â€Å"only these men [can] judge [his] ability† (Ellison 22). To further validate the narrator’s Sambo-like behavior, following the match, a blond man winks at the narrator... ...pulls its strings. For the narrator and the black community, the Sambo dolls are a constant reminder that they are unable to neither form their own identity nor control their very movements. Ellison’s incorporation of the Sambo dolls educates us on an important lesson in life, that it is important to be ourselves and choreograph our own choices and movements in life. We must not allow others to hold reign of our strings and steer us in the direction they feel is right. â€Å"Life is to be lived, not controlled;† our full potential in life lies within our ability to control our movements and decisions in life (Ellison 577). Works Cited Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Vintage International, 1995. Ebook Reader. Morel, Lucas E. Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope: A Political Companion to Invisible Man. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 2004. Print.

Essay --

10. Factors In The Arab Springs Chicago Source: Arahala , Nardic, Spring 2012, Understanding the ‘Arab Spring’: Justice, Dignity, Religion and International Politics, Afro Eurasian Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Spring 2012, 8-52 The Arab spring has been an event that is hotly disputed among the political science community. There is not any consensus on the general causes of the springs. In this article the author denies that there is one miracle factor that caused the Arab Springs. In actuality there are four major factors that the Author labeled out that lead to the uprisings that occurred throughout the Arab Nation. These factors are the Arab military, the cities, the youth and social media.( Arahala, 8,2012) Firstly, the military in the Arab countries was acting in a way that angered the general population. ( Arahala, 25,2012)This is because the military in the countries affected were attacking their own people. Those who protested against the government were often injured or killed due to governmental intervention. ( Arahala, 25,2012)If a person spoke out against the current governmental force the military was quick to step in and harm the person protesting. This caused the general population to feel animosity towards the established government. ( Arahala, 25,2012) In the text the youth movement and the cities were linked together. ( Arahala, 22,2012) This is because the cities were the places in which the youth gathered in order to protest against the established government. The highly educated youth were the majority of the protestors that rebelled against the established government. ( Arahala, 22,2012) Many of the youth that rebelled were highly educated and were unable to obtain a job after college. ( Arahala, 22,20... ...that represent an extremely radical version of Islam. (NPR Staff, 2011) This is in large part due to the fact that many Muslims believe that a Islamic government is necessary. (NPR Staff, 2011). However, this conservative Islamic government angers both liberals and westerners alike. Liberalist Muslims, believe that these governmental structures are not evolving, but reinstating many of the laws that plagued the previous leadership. Laws that deny Woman’s rights is popular among Arab spring countries. (NPR Staff, 2011). Westerns are also aggravated because many sought to create a more liberalized leadership in Arab Springs countries after the Arab Springs uprisings. Through the institution of Islamic government, the west feels that these governments that are inserted do not reflect a more liberal but a conservative interpretation of Islamic code. (NPR Staff, 2011)

Purpose of General Appeals Process Essay

The purpose of a General Appeals Process is used to challenge payer’s decision to reduce, deny or to downcode any claim. The provider however, can ask for a review of the payer’s decision. The patient also has a right to ask for a request of the appeal. The claimant or appellant is the one that is filing the appeal. That could be an individual who is the provider or the patient. The basic steps are simple of the appeal. This is where the payer has a consistent procedure to handle the appeal. This has to do with what kind of appeal it is. The practice staff does a review on the procedure before other actions are taken. The staff then takes the necessary steps to move forward. The appeals must be filed by a certain time after the determination. The payers must go through three steps. These steps are a complaint, an appeal and the grievance. There is not a bunch of time to spend on this procedure. After this is done and the payer is still denying the claim, the claimant can take another step. This can be reviewed through the state insurance commissions since most payers are licensed through them. The state insurance commissions must have all copies of the file and to see why the claim was denied. The reason that the claim was denied to could be simple reasons. The reasons are mostly human error. The most common claim denials are due to not using the patient’s health care identification number and the correct name on the card. The other reasoning could be not putting down where the services were done. The last but not least could be invalid diagnosis codes. This could all be why the claim is denied. References Nyman, Ronald E., ESQ, (June 2007), MediStar Meducation , Volume 1, Number 4, www.credentialsxpress.com/newsletters/newsletter1-4 full.htm, Retrieved September 10,2010, Google.

The Different Periods of Ancient Greek Art

The Different Periods of Ancient Greek Art As it happened centuries later with a handful of Renaissance painters, ancient Greek art tends to be thought of in vague terms- vases, statues and architecture produced a long (unspecified) time ago. Indeed, a long time has passed between us and ancient Greece, and thinking like this is a good starting point, really. The vases, sculpture and architecture were huge innovations, and artists forever afterward owed an enormous debt to the ancient Greeks. Because so many centuries and different phases encompass ancient Greek art what well try to do rather briefly is to break it down into some manageable chunks, thus giving each period its due. Its important to know that ancient Greek art was mainly comprised of vases, sculpture and architecture, lasted around 1,600 years, and covered a number of of different periods. The Different Phases of Ancient Greek Art There were many phases from the 16th century BC until the Greeks suffered defeat at the hands of the Romans at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The phases are roughly as follows: Mycenaean Art occurred from roughly 1550-1200 BC on the Greek mainland. Although the Mycenaean and Greek cultures were two separate entities, they occupied the same lands successively. The latter learned a few thing from the former, including how to build gates and tombs. Besides architectural explorations including Cyclopean masonry and beehive tombs, the Mycenaeans were awesome goldsmiths and potters. They raised pottery from merely functional to beautifully decorative, and segued right out of the Bronze Age into their own insatiable appetite for gold. One suspects that that the Mycenaeans were so wealthy they werent satisfied with a humble alloy.Around 1200 and the Homeric fall of Troy, the Mycenaean culture dwindled and died, followed by an artistic phase known both as Sub-Mycenaean and/or the Dark Ages. This phase, lasting from c. 1100-1025 BC, saw a bit of continuity with the previous artistic doings, but no innovation.From c. 1025-900 BC, the Proto-Geometric phase saw pottery beginning to be decorated with simple shapes, black bands, and wavy lines. Additionally, technique in the shaping of pots was being refined as well. Geometric Art has been assigned the years of 900-700 BC. Its name is utterly descriptive of the art created during this phase. Pottery decoration moved beyond simple shapes to also include animals and humans. Everything, however, was rendered with the use of simple geometric shapes.Archaic Art, from c. 700-480 BC, began with an Orientalizing Phase (735-650 BC). In this, elements from other civilizations began to creep into Greek art. The elements were those of the Near East (not exactly what we think of as the Orient now, but remember the world was a lot smaller in those days).The Archaic phase is best known for the beginnings of realistic depictions of humans and monumental stone sculptures. It was during the Archaic period that the limestone kouros (male) and kore (female) statues were created, always depicting young, nude, smiling persons. Note: The Archaic and subsequent Classical and Hellenistic periods each contained separate Early, High, and Late phases just like the Italian R enaissance would further on down the road. Classical Art (480-323 BC) was created during a golden age, from the time Athens rose to prominence to Greek expansion and right up until the death of Alexander the Great. It was during this period that human statues became so heroically proportioned. Of course, they were reflective of Greek Humanistic belief in the nobility of man and, perhaps, a desire to look a bit like gods. They were also the result of the invention of metal chisels finally capable of working marble.Hellenistic Art (323-31 BC)- quite like Mannerism- went a wee bit over the top. By the time Alexander had died and things got chaotic in Greece as his empire broke apart, Greek sculptors had mastered carving marble. They were so technically perfect that they began to sculpt impossibly heroic humans. People simply do not look as flawlessly symmetrical or beautiful in real life as those sculptures portray, which may explain why the sculptures remain so popular after all these years.

Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun

Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun â€Å"Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun† is not only an important poetic piece but a glimpse at history and time of ancient civilizations. It shows how people viewed their life and God, paying their respects and making it a representation of all that exists.  The cult of the Sun was a contrast to the darkness that existed among the Ancients.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was a representation of life on Earth and was thought to be the creator of all living things and a channel of life force. People of Egypt have worshipped the Sun, treating it as a part of heavens. â€Å"Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun† describes a God which is a key figure to the Egyptian people. It tells how the sun rises above the mountains, which enclose a valley, with the first rays hitting the Earth, touching upon the roofs of the city and playing on the white walls of cathedrals. People then become the worshippers and pay their respects to life, the Sun, and the God who has created all life. They give their sacrifices to the God and raise their hands towards the sun. The ruler of Egypt and his family are instrumental to the worship of the God and the Sun, setting an example for all people.  The introduction of the poem is a key part in understanding the type of religion- Atonism. It talks about the beauty of the sun, appearing on the horizon, and the effect that it makes when it shines, bringing beauty to the world below. Because it is the source of light, it is considered the most important part of the world. When the poem states that the rays engulf the earth, which it has created, it shows how people thought about the sun. It makes it clear that Aton was considered to be a world God. It was not a God who was specific to certain people or land, but the creator of all that exists. Aton is represented as a disk of sun, but his true identity is hidden from people (Krist 17). The fact that no one can truly know or understand is that this God makes him even more mysterious and distant. The fact that he is unreachable, however, does not separate the deity from those who worship him, it only shows how ever reaching and powerful the God is. The importance of the Sun can be seen when the poem talks about its absence and the darkness that spreads: everything comes to life when the Sun appears, thus making it an all-powerful entity; when it disappears, the earth is covered by darkness and is compared to death. It becomes so dark that people cannot see each other and sleep, covering their heads, unprotected and vulnerable.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another significant point of the poem is that it makes the Sun and God rather real for the people. It is connected with the dangers of life, the lions , and snakes that might come out and bite people while the creator rests behind the horizon (Hornung 30). Everything that comes to life is only brought about after the sun comes out and shines down on the earth. It can be noted that there is a non-accidental resemblance to the Bible in the poem. It talks about people putting on their clothes and coming out to worship God. They begin their day by working hard, taking care of the land and animals. The lands become green with grass; birds fly out of their nests and spread Gods rule over the earth. It also talks about the ships sailing around the globe, and the path is being chosen by God who has put the fish into the water and sun’s rays on earth. There is no doubt that the harmony of humans and nature is made to stand out and show what is really meant by the poem. The hard work that people have to input is aligned with the happiness and defining features of life. The strength of Aton is made out to be all-reaching, without bord ers and limits.  The poem is also said to be the direction to unify all Gods into one. Aton is shown as the maker of all other Gods and life. It is made out to be a symbol to change all the previous beliefs and create a new system of worship. The first and most important symbol of the sun is the pyramids of all sizes, even ones that were worn as necklaces and other decorations. Another common symbol was a disk with a pyramid top which can be seen all over Egypt. A connection is also made to a phoenix which would come to people and bring them life. It was thought to burn out in the evening and return to the land of the dead where it would show people the path through darkness.  The fact that the poem unites God and the Sun proves how important light was to the ancient people. It is clear that the natural occurrence was connected to the significant part of life, thus making God a natural and observant part of the world. Ancient Egyptians wrote the hymn as a seeming observation of their God. It is also based on the mutual relationship and benefit between the people and all other living creatures. The poem can be seen as a proof of a cult that is direct evidence of people’s fixation on the sun. The poem can be even considered as a sign of a revolution. Akhenaten is a representative of the Egyptian people while all others are made out to be unimportant.  Even though there is a mention of other races and people, as well as the difference in the languages, they are thought of as insignificant. The division between tribes and lands must be united through the only God who is the true ruler of all life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The references between the life and Gods make obvious the importance of the unity between people and higher power. The symbolism of the poem contrasts the darkness of the world and the light which describe all that is evil and good (Krist 22). There is much debate about the parallels that can be drawn between modern cultures and the hymn, making it a rather controversial poetic piece that can be traced to the ancient people. â€Å"Akhenatens Hymn to the Sun† is a definite proof of how important the sun and belief in the higher power were. The fact that there is an undeniable connection to the Gods and religion makes obvious the existence of forces that cannot be attained by regular people. Hornung, Erik. Akhenaten and the Religion of Light. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001. Print. Krist, Donald. Hymn to the Sun. Lincoln: iUniverse, 2002. Print.